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KMID : 1189320220160050658
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Asian Spine Journal
2022 Volume.16 No. 5 p.658 ~ p.665
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Patterns of Traumatic Spinal Injuries in the Developing World: A Five-Year Longitudinal Review
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Kanna Rishi M.
Peddireddy Sreeharsha
Shetty Ajoy P.
Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan
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Abstract
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Study Design: Retrospective review.
Purpose: A 5-year longitudinal study documenting and comparing patterns of traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs) observed in developing countries.
Overview of Literature: Current knowledge of the patterns and epidemiology of TSI are based on evidence from developed countries and there is a lack of data from developing countries to enable a comparison of information to formulate healthcare policies.
Methods: A review of case records of all patients treated at a tertiary level trauma center over a 5-year period (2015?2019) was performed. Epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data were analyzed.
Results: The incidence of spinal trauma was 6.2% (2,065/33,072) among all trauma patients. Among these 2,065 patients, the mean age was 43.4±16.3 years and 77.3% (n=1,596) were aged 21?60 years. The major cause of injury was falls (52.1%, n=1,069) and 49.8% were high-energy falls (>10 feet [=3.048 m]). In patients with TSI due to falls, injuries occurred at the workplace (n=376), home (n=309), trees (n=151), wells (n=77), and electric poles (n=57). Road traffic accidents contributed to 42% (n=862) of TSIs and predominantly affected motorcyclists (52%, n=467). Around half (53.5%, n=1,005) of all patients were in the lower socioeconomic strata. The most common injury level was thoracic region (37.2%, n=769). Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurred in 49% (n=1,011) of patients and 49.7% (n=1,028) had injuries associated with other organs.
Conclusions: Our study indicated different demographic patterns and epidemiological features of TSI compared with the Western literature, including a preponderance of young male patients, falls from heights, motorcycle accidents, and a larger percentage of SCI. The high number of falls at workplace indicates a lack of knowledge among the public and policy makers about safety measures.
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KEYWORD
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Spine, Trauma, Spinal injuries, Spinal cord injuries, Developing countries
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